Table 6 Factors associated with hypertensive retinopathy among adult hypertensive patients attending at Comprehensive Specialized Hospitals in Northwest Ethiopia, 2024(n = 696)

Age(in years)

19–51

62

123

1.00

1.00

52–63

77

105

1.45(0.95–2.22)

0.84(0.42–1.67)

0.62

64–74

104

53

3.89(2.48–6.11)

1.31(0.61–2.83)

0.49

> 74

157

15

20.76(11.27–38.27)

4.24(1.54–11.64)

0.005

Marital status

Unmarried

11

18

1.00

1.00

Married

284

250

1.86(0.86–4.01

2.79(0.76–10.31)

0.12

Divorced

19

13

2.39(0.85–6.70)

4.57(0.81–25.75)

0.09

Widowed

86

15

9.38(3.70-23.76)

3.51(0.71–17.31)

0.12

Family average monthly income(Ethiopian birr)

> 12,000

74

71

1.00

1.00

500–4148

122

52

2.25(1.42–3.57)

1.76(0.74–4.17)

0.21

4149–8000

103

82

1.21(0.78–1.84)

0.89(0.42–1.91)

0.78

8000–12,000

101

91

1.06(0.69–1.64)

0.86(0.42–1.78)

0.69

History of eye examination after diagnosis of HTN

Yes

164

52

1.00

1.00

No

236

244

3.26(2.28–4.67)

1.23(0.50–3.06)

0.65

Duration of HTN (in years)

≤ 3years

59

175

1.00

1.00

3-5years

74

95

2.31(1.51–3.53)

3.44(1.73–6.83)

0.001

> 5 years

274

26

30.46(18.49–50.17)

12.66(3.8841.29)

0.001

History of heart disease

No

268

289

1.00

1.00

Yes

132

7

20.33(9.35–44.28)

5.38(1.86–15.58)

0.002

History of stroke

No

295

289

1.00

1.00

Yes

105

7

14.69(6.72–32.12)

2.64(0.91–7.68)

0.074

History of dyslipidemia

No

238

278

1.00

1.00

Yes

162

18

10.51(4.33–24.65)

3.44(1.59–7.45)

0.002

History of DM

No

189

274

1.00

1.00

Yes

211

22

13.90(8.63–22.39)

3.00(1.49–5.99)

0.002

Duration of using of hypertensive medication (in year)

≤ 5 years

143

270

1.00

1.00

> 5 years

257

26

18.66(11.88–29.31)

1.26(0.44–3.59)

0.66

Current levels of HTN

Controlled

189

285

1.00

1.00

Uncontrolled

211

11

28.92(15.35–54.50)

40.03(17.19–63.18)

0.001

Adherence to Hypertensive medication

Good

142

180

1.00

1.00

Poor

258

116

2.81(2.07–3.85)

1.84(1.12–3.03)

0.016

Physicians’ advice for eye checkup

Yes

221

225

1.00

1.00

No

179

71

2.57(1.84–3.58)

1.29(0.60–2.81)

0.51

Awareness about HTN that affects eyes

Yes

226

216

1.00

1.00

No

174

80

2.08(1.50–2.87)

1.85(0.62–5.48)

0.27

Having control BP to preserve vision

Yes

235

216

1.00

1.00

No

165

80

2.23(1.60–3.16)

1.1.25(0.45–3.48)

0.66